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Orphanage trafficking involves the recruitment and/or transfer of children to residential care institutions for a purpose of exploitation and profit. It typically takes place in lower- and middle-income countries where child protection services systems are highly privatised, under-regulated, and primarily funded by overseas sources. In such circumstances, residential care is used prolifically and inappropriately as a response to child vulnerability, including a lack of access to education.
This study assesses and maps the legal, policy and procedural frameworks in both domestic and…
ABSTRACT
This paper examines the lived experiences of children who interacted with tourists in a performance-based orphanage in Siem Reap, Cambodia. The orphanage was perceived by poor Cambodians as the only opportunity for their children to access food and education and a place to care for children when parents migrated for work. In recent years, however, orphanages in the majority world have come under increasing international pressure because many are associated with children’s rights abuses. As a result, the Cambodian Government committed to closing many orphanages and reintegrating 30…
This is the fifth global report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), mandated by the General Assembly through the 2010 Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons. The report draws on data from 148 countries and explores issues of particular relevance in the current crisis, including the impact of socio-economic factors, drivers of child trafficking and trafficking for forced labour, and traffickers’ use of the internet.
Relevant excerpts include:
"Court cases collected by UNODC include examples of traffickers targeting children who had no parental…
Every day, millions of children worldwide experience the consequences of violent conflicts, climate change, disasters and epidemics. In times of crisis, when people are forced to flee their homes, schools close, jobs are lost and the availability of services decreases, child labour becomes a coping mechanism for many families in distress. It deprives children of their childhood, their potential and their dignity. Some of the worst forms of child labour, such as trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation, disproportionately impact girls. Others, such as hazardous work, cause often life-…
Where children may be engaged in vocational training, livelihoods or decent work programmes, humanitarian actors will need to verify the age of the child, to ensure that children are old enough to participate. This tool, part of the Inter-Agency Toolkit: Preventing and Responding to Child Labour in Humanitarian Action, offers guidance on age verification, including…
Abstract
Background and objective
Youth with intellectual disabilities involved in child welfare systems are at greater risk of sexual victimization than youth who have not been investigated for child maltreatment.…
ABSTRACT
Sex trafficking involving children is a human rights issue of growing concern, with immediate and lasting impacts on victims. Although victimization is consistently associated with prior maltreatment and foster care placements, reliable estimates of minor sex trafficking prevalence do not exist. In a statewide child welfare database of all children with maltreatment allegations between 2011 and 2016, 3,420 children were investigated for sex trafficking allegations (1.15% of 296,167 children with investigated maltreatment). We used two independent methods to estimate prevalence. A…
Abstract
This article compares and contrasts two humanitarian emergencies and their impact on Nepal: these are the Nepal earthquake in 2015 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. It explains how each emergency has impacted children without parental care or at risk of family separation, with specific reference to orphanage trafficking, voluntourism, child institutionalisation and family preservation. In relation to each emergency, the article considers the role of disaster preparedness; the roles of the Nepal government, the international community and civil society; and the significance of one…
Abstract
Literature on orphanage tourism considers the motives of Western volunteers and the problematic nature of their compulsion to ‘help’ vulnerable children in the Global South. Orphanage tourism is also increasingly adopted into ‘rescue ideologies’ (Howard, 2016) and anti-trafficking/‘modern slavery’ campaigns. The perspectives of children involved, however, are missing from these discourses. This article draws on original empirical data to explore the narratives of young Nepali adults who lived in Kathmandu orphanages as children. Through these narratives, the article explores the…
Uganda Care Leavers/Association of Care Leavers Uganda released this statement in response to the appearance of Ugandan children on an April 15, 2023, episode of Britain's Got Talent. These care leavers who have spent part or all of their lives in residential care expressed concern about the institutionalisation of children and the need to instead promote family care for all children.
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