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This policy brief from the World Bank provides an overview of cash transfers in African countries. The brief defines “cash transfers” and their uses. The brief also lists key design elements of cash transfer programs in Africa, including the opportunities for innovation that cash transfer programs create, the accountability mechanisms in place, and the monitoring and evaluation. The brief highlights the differences between conditional and unconditional transfers and cash and non-cash transfers and the evidence on whether conditional or unconditional transfers are a better model. The brief…
This powerful chart illustrates preliminary research findings seeking to understand how orphan status affects the school attendance of children in Africa and the extent to which living in kinship care can act as a protective factor in this context. Although numerous studies have examined the effects of orphanhood on schooling outcomes, the results have been mixed, both in terms of whether orphans are significantly less likely to be enrolled in school but also, when they are found to be, whether it is orphan status or poverty that is responsible for this.…
Emerging research suggests that biological relatedness contributes to differential treatment between children being raised by kin and the biological children in the caregiver’s household. This potential concern may be elevated especially when household resources are stretched thin. For this study conducted in and near Kampala, Uganda, 518 youth (8 to 18 years old) and their caregivers were interviewed individually, examining the association between relatedness and perceived food and work equity, and school attendance. The households were selected through…
Leverhulme International Network on New Families, New Governance 3rd Workshop, University of Notre Dame, USA 27-28 March 2014
In this presentation Professor Connolly reviews recent trends in the use of kinship care in Australia, and highlights that although kinship care has always been a major part of children’s care systems, there has been an important shift over the past twenty years toward the use of extended family systems to support and care for vulnerable children. In 2010, statutory kinship care…
This publication explains the impacts of HIV/AIDS on orphans and vulnerable children in the family and community-based care, households and communities; needs of orphans and vulnerable children and responses in the educational system; psychosocial impact on children and youth; human rights of children affected by HIV/AIDS; and religion and responses to orphans and vulnerable children. It does this with the help of many contributors with expert knowledge on issues affecting children, particularly those who are orphaned and made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS.
This book by Dr. Xiaoyuan Shang and Karen Fisher provides a comprehensive and clear picture of the situation of children who are orphaned or abandoned in China. Based on research conducted as part of related projects from 2001 to 2012, it introduces the context and framework for the alternative care system and China’s welfare system as it applies to children, including its history and development in both urban and rural areas. It provides a profile of orphans and of care arrangements, describing both the formal child welfare system that has primary responsibility for the…
This important study on foster care practices in India by BOSCO, a Bangalore based organization promoting a non-institutional model of child care and rehabilitation, provides important insight into the history, approaches, challenges and opportunities facing the development of foster care services in the country. It highlights that foster care has a long history in India spanning across five decades, yet despite this there was very little data available about the foster care organizations providing such services and the various models of foster care they practice. This study sought to remedy…
A major ministerial conference on ending the placement of children under three in institutional care was held in Sofia, Bulgaria on 21 and 22 November 2012. Organized by the Government of the Republic of Bulgaria in collaboration with UNICEF, it brought together representatives of twenty governments from Eastern Europe and Central Asia, experts from the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, international and local NGOs and the academic world to discuss strategies and emerging good practices to support vulnerable families…
A regional Save the Children participatory research initiative was undertaken to build knowledge on endogenous care practices within families and communities, especially informal kinship care, in order to better understand how the practice works and provide recommendations for programming to increase the care and protection of children. The research was conducted in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria and Sierra Leone, and was primarily qualitative and exploratory. Similar research was underway in Niger and was…
The ministerial conference ‘Ending the placement of children under three in institutions: Support nurturing families for all young children’, which took place in Sofia (Bulgaria) on 21 and 22 November 2012, helped to articulate a strong political commitment to continuing and accelerating work in the area of child care reform, especially towards:
• reducing the number of infants abandoned at birth
• reducing the number of children below three years old deprived of parental care and placed in institutional care
• increasing the number of children with disabilities maintained…