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Abstract:
Background:
There is growing awareness that a proportion of children in orphanages have been recruited or transferred into the facility for a purpose of exploitation and/or profit. These children are often falsely presented as orphans to evoke sympathy and solicit funding. This process is known as orphanage trafficking. Although orphanage trafficking can be prosecuted under legal frameworks in some jurisdictions, including Cambodia, there have been limited prosecutions to date. One factor that likely contributes to a lack of prosecution is poor detection, yet the indicators of…
Much has been written on the factors that contribute to a child’s admission into institutional care, including poverty, lack of access to education, death of a parent, active recruitment, and the sheer presence of orphanages. In addition, there is growing recognition of orphanage trafficking driving admission.
This is more prevalent in unregulated orphanages where referral to a specific facility occurs outside of formal gatekeeping mechanisms and without the involvement of mandated authorities. Yet there is little research about how children are identified, recruited, and transferred into…
Orphanage tourism refers to visits or volunteering in orphanages as part of a holiday or tourist experience. Orphanage tourism is a consumer product which represents the intersection of the desire of orphanage operators to gain access to international funding and the desire of tourists and volunteers to give back to less developed countries.
Despite its popularity amongst tourists and volunteers, orphanage tourism has come under increasing scrutiny and criticism for its impacts on child rights, development, and the role it plays in driving the unnecessary institutionalization of children,…
Introducción
Este Informe Temático sobre voluntariado, volunturismo, turismo de orfanatos y tráfico de huérfanos fue elaborado para aportar lineamientos a los Gobiernos, los responsables de políticas y otros responsables de la toma de decisiones. También respalda la implementación de los compromisos internacionales asumidos en el contexto de la Resolución de la Asamblea General de la ONU 2019 sobre los Derechos de los niños y las niñas privados del cuidado parental. Explica de qué modo tomar las medidas apropiadas para abordar y prevenir los daños asociados al voluntariado en…
Introduction:
This Thematic Brief on Volunteering, Voluntourism, Tourism, and Trafficking in Orphanages was developed to provide guidance to governments, policy and decision-makers. It also supports the implementation of international commitments made in the context of the 2019 UN General Assembly Rights of the Child Resolution on children without parental care.
It explains how to take appropriate measures to address and prevent the harms associated with orphanage volunteering, orphanage tourism and voluntourism and the orphanage trafficking connected to it.
The…
ការសិកសាស្រវជ្រវនះត្រូវធ្វើឡើងជាផ្នកមួយនគម្រងស្រវជ្រវពហុប្រទស ដលមានច្រើន ដំណាក់កាល ដលត្រូវបានរចនាឡើង ដើមបីពង្រឹងការកំណត់អត្តសញ្ញណ ការផ្ដន្ទទោស និងការទប់ស្កត់ បទល្មើសជួញដូរកុមារក្នុងមណ្ឌលកុមារកំព្រ។ការសិកសាស្រវជ្រវនះគឺជាដំណាក់កាលទីពីរនដំណាក់កាល ទាំងបួន ដលត្រូវធ្វើនៅកម្ពុជា ក្នុងនាមជាប្រទសមួយក្នុងចំណោមប្រទសចំនួនបី ដលត្រូវបានជ្រើស រើសមកធ្វើជាកម្មវត្ថុនការសិកសាស្រវជ្រវនះ។ ដំណាក់កាលទីពីរនគម្រងនះគឺជាការស្រវជ្រវលើ ផ្នកសង្គម និងផ្នកចបាប់ ដលត្រូវបានរចនាឡើង ដើមបីពិនិតយមើលការអនុវត្តជាក់ស្ដងនូវក្របខណ្ឌចបាប់ សម្រប់ការផ្ដន្ទទោសអំពើជួញដូរកុមារក្នុងមណ្ឌលកុមារកំព្រនៅកម្ពុជា។ ជាពិសស ការសិកសាស្រវជ្រវ…
This study was conducted as a part of a multi-stage, multi-country project designed to enhance the identification, prosecution, and prevention of orphanage trafficking crimes. It was the second of four stages to be conducted in Cambodia as one of three jurisdictions included in the study.
This second stage of the project comprised socio-legal empirical research designed to examine the in-situ application of the legal framework for prosecuting orphanage trafficking in Cambodia. Specifically, the study sought to identify how cases, where orphanage trafficking and exploitation were indicated…
Implementing the Legal Framework for the Prosecution of Orphanage Trafficking: A Cambodia Case Study
This study was conducted as a part of a multi-stage, multi-country project designed to enhance the identification, prosecution, and prevention of orphanage trafficking crimes. It was the second of four stages to be conducted in Cambodia as one of three jurisdictions included in the study.
This second stage of the study comprised socio-legal empirical research designed to examine the in-situ application of the legal framework for prosecuting orphanage trafficking in Cambodia. Specifically, the study sought to identify how cases, where orphanage trafficking and exploitation were indicated,…
This global study examined 106,979 tweets posted by 34,370 unique users from 2010 to 2019 to understand the sentiment of those indirectly involved in orphanage tourism and its change over time.
The result from this study indicated that despite recent critiques of orphanage tourism, the conversations on orphanage volunteering were still largely positive. The persistence of positive sentiment toward orphanage tourism was due to fleeting critiques, the low rate of new critics joining the discourse, and the limited engagement of the existing users. The findings implied that there is a need for…
An Exploration of Poverty as a Consumption Object: Voluntourist’s Stories from an Orphanage in Nepal
This paper examines the understanding of poverty emerging in voluntourists’ accounts of their first-hand experiences of poverty alleviation. Based on the ethnography of an orphanage in Nepal, the authors show that despite voluntourists’ good intentions and even (self-)criticism of the volunteer tourism approach to poverty relief, their accounts tend to consolidate rather regressive ideas about poverty. They draw on post-colonial and post-development theory to illuminate specific ways in which the old Orientalist tropes and discourses of othering are perpetuated in this novel neoliberal form…