Residential Care

Residential care refers to any group living arrangement where children are looked after by paid staff in a specially designated facility. It covers a wide variety of settings ranging from emergency shelters and small group homes, to larger-scale institutions such as orphanages or children’s homes. As a general rule, residential care should only be provided on a temporary basis, for example while efforts are made to promote family reintegration or to identify family based care options for children. In some cases however, certain forms of residential care can operate as a longer-term care solution for children.

Residential care can be a positive alternative for some girls and boys when it is used appropriately and meets certain standards. For example, small group home living arrangements or supported independent living can work well in cases where children (often older teenagers) don’t feel comfortable in a family setting, or where large groups of siblings want to stay together. Similarly in cases where children have suffered trauma, severe abuse or neglect, have a severe disability or require specialised support, small group settings where trained staff can provide therapeutic care may be an appropriate care option. As much as possible, residential facilities should be small, community-based, organised to resemble a family-type or small-group situation and allow for sufficient staff to provide individualised attention to children.

It is important to distinguish between residential care and institutional care, which should only be used as a last and temporary resort for children. Institutional care refers to large-scale group care within big institutional facilities and has been associated with a wide range of problems for children including physical, social and emotional under-development - with babies and infants under the age of three especially vulnerable to lasting harm. Long periods in an institution can deprive children of positive individual attention from consistent caregivers, make it difficult for them to assimilate back into a family and community, and are often linked to increased risk of sexual and physical abuse, a lack of stimulation, and harsh discipline.

In recent years, deinstitutionalisation has been at the heart of national care reform efforts, which seek to reduce reliance on institutional care and to promote family and community based care options for children instead. This includes efforts to promote ethical volunteerism within residential care centres, educate donors and to avoid proliferation of orphanages and children’s homes after humanitarian emergencies.

The documents in this section outline residential care options for children, examine the damaging impact of institutions, explore family and community-based care alternatives and describe care reform efforts including initiatives around ethical volunteerism.

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The Legal Framework of Orphanage Trafficking In Cambodia: Enhancing Identification, Prosecution & Prevention

Rebecca Nhep, Kate van Doore, 2021

Orphanage trafficking occurs at the nexus of criminal law (human trafficking offences) and child protection regulation. This report examines the intersection of these two legal systems for the purpose of developing a strategy to identify and prosecute orphanage trafficking.

ผลกระทบของ Covid-19 ต่อแหล่งทนสน สนุน และการดําเนินงาน ของสถานรองรบเด็กเอกชน ที ใหการเลี ยงดเด็กในรูปแบบสถาบน ส: สรุปผลการศึกษาสำหรับผู้บริจาคและแหล่งทุนที่สนับสนุนสถานรองรับเด็กเอกชน _ในต่างประเทศ

Better Care Network, Law Futures Centre - Griffith Law School, World Childhood Foundation, Eriks Development Partner, 2021

การศึกษานี้เป็นงานวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพขนาดเล็กที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการสัมภาษณ์แบบกึ่งโครงสร้าง 21 ครั้งกับผู้ก่อตั้ง ผู้ให้ทุน และผู้อำนวยการ RCI ใน 7 ประเทศ ได้รับการออกแบบมาเพื่อให้เข้าใจผลกระทบของโควิด-19 ได้ดีขึ้นในการดำเนินงานของสถาบันการดูแลที่อยู่อาศัย ซึ่งรวมถึงการจัดหาเงินทุน การจัดหาบุคลากร อาสาสมัคร การดูแลเด็ก การศึกษา ความสัมพันธ์ในครอบครัว และการรวมตัวกลับคืนสู่สังคม

English version

Buenas prácticas en la prestación de servicios de cuidado residencial de la niñez y adolescencia en Guatemala (Informe completo)

Changing the Way We Care, 2021

Estudio orientado a la transformación de servicios de cuidado residencial a familiar y comunitario de la niñez y adolescencia en Guatemala.

Child care institutions in India: Investigating issues and challenges in children’s rehabilitation and social integration

Evergreat Wanglar - Children and Youth Services Review, 31 Dec 2020

This study aimed to unravel the different issues and challenges that hinder the effective rehabilitation of children in child care institutions in India.

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What does research tell us about young people’s participation in decision making in residential care? A systematic scoping review

Lynne McPherson, Meaghan Vosz, Kathomi Gatwiri, Natalie Parmenter, Noel Macnamara, Janise Mitchell, Joe Tucci - Children and Youth Services Review, 29 Dec 2020

This article reports on a systematic scoping review which investigated research publications on participation in making life-impacting decisions by young people.

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Community-based participatory research with at-risk youth: lessons learned from a Photovoice project in Taiwan

Victor Hsiao, Sunya Chen, Mellissa Withers - Journal of Health and Caring Sciences, 18 Dec 2020

Thirteen youth from a group home in Taiwan for teenage boys in the foster care and juvenile justice systems participated in this yearlong study which utilized a strengths-based approach to examine resiliency, their needs, and sources of support. This article describes nine key lessons learned to keep at-risk youth at the center of future similar research studies through protecting, representing, and empowering them.

Orphanage Trafficking and Child Protection in Emergencies in Nepal: A Comparative Analysis of the 2015 Earthquake and the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic

Martin Punaks and Samjyor Lama - Institutionalised Children Explorations and Beyond, 15 Dec 2020

This article compares and contrasts two humanitarian emergencies and their impact on Nepal: these are the Nepal earthquake in 2015 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.

‘My dark heaven’: Hidden voices in orphanage tourism

Esther Bott - Annals of Tourism Research, 14 Dec 2020

This article draws on original empirical data to explore the narratives of young Nepali adults who lived in Kathmandu orphanages as children. Through these narratives, the article explores the diverse complexities of the residents' experiences of volunteer tourism and NGO ‘rescue’, and the shortcomings of recent ‘neoabolitionist’ frameworks.

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Education Opportunities and Support for Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Bagamoyo District Tanzania

Bertha Erasto Losioki - East African Journal of Education Studies, 14 Dec 2020

This study assessed educational opportunities and the support available to orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Bagamoyo District to determine socioeconomic and psychological factors that limit access to education.

Linking Up Again: Views of Barnardo’s Elders on Being Separated from Their Siblings and How They Reconnected in Old Age

Ann Buchanan - Brothers and Sisters, 10 Dec 2020

This chapter will record the views of a small sample of elders (now in their 70s, 80s and 90s), who grew up in Barnardo’s facilities in the UK, on being separated from their siblings and how they re-connected with their brothers and sisters in old age.

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