Displaying 1 - 10 of 33
Представлен обзор проблемы готовности сирот к самостоятельной жизни. Показано, что внешние детерминанты готовности к самостоятельной жизни связаны со спецификой взросления сирот и находятся в исследовательском поле социальной адаптации выпускников детских домов. Охарактеризованы внутренние детерминанты готовности к самостоятельной жизни как устойчивые социально-психологические особенности, являющиеся существенными предпосылками успешной жизнедеятельности в самостоятельной жизни. Раскрыты наборы выделяемых характеристик в зависимости от ключевого системообразующего понятия: самостоятельность,…
Abstract: Studies examining the experience of children returned from foster care can reveal its causes and the severity of the psychological consequences, as well as the positive effect of psychological support on family functioning. Our research was aimed at the features of children and characteristics of foster families who refuse to continue parenting foster children. The study participants were comprised of families raising a foster child (Group One—182 families), and families who refused to continue parenting and returned the child (Group Two—19 families). The study was conducted using…
Abstract
Children abandoned to institutions display a host of developmental delays, including those involving general cognition and language. The majority of published studies focus on children over 3 years of age; little is known about whether these delays may be detected earlier when children undergo rapid lexical development. To investigate the early language development of children raised in institutional settings in the Russian Federation, we compared a group of children in institutional care (n = 36; 8–35 months) to their age‐matched peers raised in…
Abstract
Background
A history of early adversity, including lack of stable, sensitive and supportive caregivers, abuse and institutionalization, has negative influences over cognitive development. However, previous research has shown heterogeneous patterns of impairment in executive processes among children adopted internationally.
Method
Executive functions were examined in post-institutionalized children adopted into Spanish families from Russian institutions. Four tasks of the neuropsychological battery CANTAB were used to assess selective attention, planning, inhibitory…
Abstract: This paper examines the data of empirical research on child-parent relationship in the Russian adoptive and birth families. Empirical evidence indicates that the child-parent relationships in Russian adoptive and birth families have similarities in the degree of parental care for children, and differences in the quality of positive emotions, their direction and parenting empathy channels. This suggests that foster parents should be selected on the basis of their psychological health and readiness to raise orphaned children, as well as to be trained to improve…
Abstract
Worldwide, up to 8 million children reside in institutional care. While some characteristics are common to most institutional settings (e.g., group rearing, non-related caregivers), the social environments of institutions are highly variable. Institutions in Russia, China, Ghana, and Chile are described with reference to the circumstances that lead to children’s institutionalization, resident children’s social-emotional relationships, and unique characteristics of each country’s institutional care (e.g., volunteer tourism in Ghana, and shifting demographics of institutionalized…
Abstract
Universal declaration of human rights, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, enshrines international standards in the field of protecting the rights of the child to special care and assistance. Family for the child is the immediate social environment and the basic link in the system of education, socialization, training, vocational guidance. However, not all children have the right to live and be raised in a family, and the topic of social orphan hood continues to be an acute one. Therefore, in modern society there are various forms of organization of orphans and children…
Abstract
This paper applies the concept of total institutions, introduced by Erving Goffman, to the case of special care institutions for people [including children] with intellectual disabilities in present-day Russia. These institutions represent a classic type of organization that could be studied through the lenses of the total institutions theory and demonstrate the typical features of such institutions, among them the crowded conditions in which the inmates live, a lack of privacy, universal scheduling of daily routines, strict hierarchy, a system of punishments and privileges as an…
Summary
The importance of children being well cared for in families is widely recognised in global policies and guidance. There is extensive research demonstrating clearly the importance of a safe and caring family for child wellbeing and development. While there is consensus on the importance of effective care in families for children, there is a lack of discussion and agreement about the precise components of this care. In particular, further exploration is needed to determine which elements of effective care are universal and which are culturally or contextually specific, and to explore…
Abstract
The topic of the article is interdisciplinary. The practice of psychological and pedagogical support for children raised in guardianship families shows the need for psychological and legal assistance. The aim is to develop proposals for the organization of a legal and regulatory framework in accordance with the social and psychological needs of guardianship families and to identify the possibilities of the Ombudsman for the Rights of the Child to protect the rights of minors raised in guardianship families. The article identifies the current problems of guardianship families and…