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It has long been recognized that early adversity represents a strong risk factor for the development of later psychopathology. However, proving a causal link between adverse exposures and mental disorder is often difficult because researchers cannot ethically randomize children to experiences that might cause them harm.
Traditionally, researchers have attempted to circumvent this problem by approaching causal inference through a series of increasingly rigorous observational designs. Longitudinal studies, for example, have shown that early adversity predicts multiple psychiatric disorders…
Abstract
Importance It is unclear whether early institutional rearing is associated with more problematic trajectories of psychopathology from childhood to adolescence and whether assignment to foster care mitigates this risk.
Objectives To examine trajectories of latent psychopathology factors—general (P), internalizing (INT), and externalizing (EXT)—among children reared in institutions and to evaluate whether randomization to foster care is associated with reductions in psychopathology from middle childhood through adolescence…
This video from the Economist explores the history of institutionalization in Romania and the efforts now underway to transition to family-based care and small group homes for children. The video features an interview with an adult who grew up in one of Romania's many institutions describing the conditions and abuses she experienced and the need for reform in the system. The video also highlights the work of Hope and Homes for Children, in partnership with the Romanian government, to close all large-scale institutions in Romania, reintegrate children with their families where possible, and…
Abstract
The aim of the systematic review described in this article was to determine the outcome of child maltreatment in long-term childcare and the scope of the evidence base in this area. Searches of 10 databases were conducted. Forty-nine documents describing 21 primary studies and 25 secondary studies were selected for review. Searches, study selection, data extraction, and study quality assessments were independently conducted by two researchers, with a high degree of interrater reliability. Participants in the 21 primary studies included 3,856 abuse survivors and 1,577 nonabused…
Summary/Abstract: The times when the world discovered the images of horrific Romanian residential institutions for children and adults with disabilities belong to the past, and are registered in the collective conscience and scientific literature as the responsibility of the dictatorship under Ceausescu’s ruling of Communist Romania. Never the less inducing changes in residential care settings is a difficult process, due to the characteristics of the total institutions, as conceptualised by Goffman or the disciplinary institution, described by Foucault. Exploring the…
Abstract
The neurodevelopmental sequelae of early deprivation were examined by testing (N = 132) 8 and 9 year old children who had endured prolonged versus brief institutionalized rearing or rearing in the natal family. Behavioral tasks included measures that permit inferences about underlying neural circuitry. Children raised in institutionalized settings showed neuropsychological deficits on tests of visual memory and attention, as well as visually mediated learning and inhibitory control. Yet, these children performed at developmentally appropriate levels on similar tests…
Abstract
After the fall of the Communist regime, the Romanian population has decreased approximately 15%, due to the high level of labour migration. The migration of Romanians was even more intensified later on, after Romania has joined the European Union. This decrease of population was due to an increased demand of the West-European population for domestic, construction and agricultural workers, corroborated with the entitlement of the new European citizens to free movement of workers within the territory of the European Union. As a direct consequence, a minimum of 82,464 children were…
This study from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP) examines the brain electrical activity of children and young people who have been institutionalized. Exposure to early psychosocial deprivation as a result of institutional care disrupts typical brain development. The Bucharest Early Intervention Project (BEIP) is the first longitudinal study to investigate the neurodevelopment of institutionalized infants randomized to foster care (FCG) versus care as usual (CAUG). Our previous work suggested that foster care placement, particularly before 24 months of age,…
Abstract:
The paper aims to analyze the situation of children of Romanian migrants left at home in the care of a parent or other guardian (with or without legal forms). The main purpose of this research project is to explore the ways of adapting to the educational environment and changes in family structure as a result of the migration process for pupils whose parents are abroad. More specifically, I will focus on the process of linking children with parents / parents who have gone abroad and with their careers, but also about the challenges that children encounter in the…
Summary Emergence of mental health problems in childhood can seriously affect further development of a man and thus hamper his adaptation to adult life. Children in residential institutions may be particularly vulnerable at risk of abnormal mental development, this includes so-called ‘children’s homes’. In the article we present an overview of the few studies carried out so far in the European residential institutions, including children’s homes, over the years 1940–2011 in the UK, Germany, Romania, and Poland. Firstly, we briefly describe a classic research carried out in the world in the…